Chikungunya Clinical Symptoms:
- Chikungunya infection is typically manifested as acute fever with severe polyarthralgia
- High-grade fever (up to 104°F) can last up to ten days, although usually three to five
- Polyarthralgia, or pain in multiple joints, usually begins two to five days after fever onset
- Polyarthralgia is typically symmetrical and most commonly involves (in order) the hands, wrists, and ankles, although any combination can be seen
- Pain may be intense and incapacitating, and may last for months after the initial infection
-
Maculopapular rash is common (images)
- Other signs and symptoms that have been observed are bullous skin lesions, headache, muscle pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, joint edema and effusions, conjunctivitis, and swollen lymph nodes
- Chikungunya can rarely cause severe manifestations and death, especially in adults over 65 years of age.
Source:
UpToDate. "Chikungunya fever." Accessed 1 Feb 2016
New and updated content
General
CDC: Chikungunya Virus
CDC: Chikungunya Virus in the U.S.
PAHO/WHO: Chikungunya Autochthonous Transmission in the Americas
HealthMap: Map
PAHO: Vector Born Diseases in the Region of the Americas
AFHSB:
Chikungunya Virus in the Americas Surveillance Summary Updated Dec 2015
For Healthcare Providers
CDC: Information for Health Care Providers
CDC Yellow Book: Chikungunya
PAHO: A Global Overview of the Chikungunya Problem (presentation)
PAHO: Epidemiology
Diagnostic Testing and Reporting
CDC: Diagnostic Testing
PAHO: Laboratory
PAHO: Laboratory Testing for Chikungunya Virus (presentation)
More information for Military Personnel and their Families
Chikungunya is a viral disease that is widespread, found mainly in Africa, Asia and areas where the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are found. There is no vaccine against the Chikungunya virus (CHKV). Soldiers deployed or stationed in an area where there is ongoing transmission of the virus must protect themselves and their families by wearing permethrin-treated uniforms/clothing, using insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin and IR3535, and following the Personal Protection Measures outlined in
Technical Guide 36
. Mosquitoes that spread Chikungunya virus bite both indoors and outdoors, and mostly during the daytime; therefore, it is important to ensure protection from mosquitoes throughout the entire day.
Mosquito Bite Prevention
Government
APHC Fact Sheet: DoD Insect Repellent System and Permethrin Treatment of Military Uniforms
APHC Fact Sheet: Mosquito Control around the Home
APHC Fact Sheet: Mosquito Trap-N-Kill Lethal Ovitrap
APHC Brochure: Use the DOD Insect Repellent System
EPA: Find the Insect Repellent that is Right for You
APHC Video: DEET Works
APHC Video: How to apply DEET
APHC Video: Permethrin Effectiveness - Mosquitoes on ACU that has been treated with permethrin
APHC Video: Deploying a pop-up bed net
APHC Video: Deploying a bed net with poles
APHC Video: Treating Civilian Clothing with Permethrin Repellent
AFPMB: Technical Guide 36 - Personal Protective Measures Against Insects and Other Arthropods of Military Significance
AFPMB: Technical Guide 47 - Aedes Mosquito Vector Control March 2016
